GOLD EDUCATION

 

There is a variety of gold purity levels used for rings, bracelets, earrings and other fine jewellery in different countries. Each level of gold purity has its advantages and disadvantages, which affect the hardness, durability and price of a jewellery piece.

 

HOW GOLD PURITY IS MEASURED

The purity of gold is measured using the karat system. This system has been developed to measure the ratio of pure gold to other metals or alloys in a piece of gold jewellery.

 

Although the term “karat” sounds similar to the term “carat”, these two measurements are completely different. The karat system is used to measure gold purity, while carat is a unit of mass used to weigh diamonds and other gemstones. The measurement used to weigh gold is the troy ounce (1 troy ounce = 31.1035 grams).

 

Karats, marked as “k”, “K”, or “Kt”, are measured on a scale from 0 to 24, the latter being the purest form (pure gold) with no other metals mixed. The higher the karatage, the purer the gold.

 

The minimum gold purity for an item to be called gold varies by country. For example, in the United States, the legal minimum standard gold purity is 10k. In the United Kingdom, France and Portugal, the lowest permitted gold purity is 9k, while in Greece and Denmark, the minimum standard is 8k.

 

 

Fineness is another way of measuring gold purity, popular in the West, expressed in parts per thousand. In this system, pure 24k gold is expressed as 1000 parts out of 1000. For example, to calculate 24k gold fineness, you need to divide 24k by 24k and multiply by 1000, which will give you a fineness of 1000. However, in practice, pure gold fineness is marked as 999.9 because there is likely to be a slight impurity in any gold. If you divide that number by 10, you will get the percentage value of 99.9%, which indicates the pure gold content in a piece.

 

Following the same logic, 14k gold fineness should have been marked as 583 (14/24 x 1000 = 583.333), but most manufacturers have adopted the European practice of making 14k gold slightly over 583, so 14k gold fineness is marked as 585.

 

It is worth mentioning that accepted tolerances on gold purity vary from country to country. For example, in the United States, the permitted negative tolerance is 0.3%, while in China, 1% is legally allowed.

 

GOLD PURITY CONVERSION CHART

NUMBER OF KARATS      PARTS OF GOLD                % OF GOLD PURITY        FINENESS

8k            8/24         33.3         333

9k            9/24         37.5         375

10k          10/24       41.7         416/417

11k          11/24       45.8         458

12k          12/24       50.0         500

13k          13/24       54.1         541

14k          14/24       58.3         583/585

15k          15/24       62.5         625

16k          16/24       66.6         666

17k          17/24       70.8         708

18k          18/24       75.0         750

19k          19/24       79.1         791

20k          20/24       83.3         833

21k          21/24       87.5         875

22k          22/24       91.7         916/917

23k          23/24       95.8         958

24k          24/24       99.9         999

24K GOLD

24k gold is pure gold, meaning all 24 parts are pure gold without traces of any other metals. It is known to be 99.9% pure and has a bright yellow colour. There is no higher form of gold than 24k. Since it is the purest form of gold, 24k is more expensive than other types of gold.

 

24k gold is softer and less durable compared to the gold of a lower karatage. Hence, it is not suitable for regular forms of jewellery such as engagement rings, earrings etc. However, gold of this purity level is widely used for coins, bars, electronics and medical devices.

 

23K GOLD

23k gold consists of 23 parts of pure gold and one part of other metals, or 95.8% of pure gold and 4.2% of other metals. This type of gold is slightly harder and more durable than pure gold due to the small content of other metals. It can be found in plain gold jewellery items such as earrings, chains and rings.

 

22K GOLD

22k gold consists of 22 parts of pure gold and 2 parts of other metals such as silver, zinc, nickel and other alloys. This type of gold is commonly used in jewellery making in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and India.

 

22k gold is a little harder and more durable than 24k gold due to mixed metals. However, be aware that although this type of gold is suitable for plain gold jewellery, it is not preferable for diamond and heavily studded jewellery as it is not durable enough for harder gemstones.

 

21K GOLD

21k gold consists of 21 parts of pure gold and 3 parts of other metals, or 87.5% of pure gold and 12.5% of other alloys.

 

This level of gold purity is popular for plain jewellery mainly. Although it is a little more durable than 22k gold, its hardness is still not enough for heavy gemstones. 21k gold is very popular in the countries of the Middle East such as Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Saudi Arabia and others.

 

 

20K GOLD

20k gold consists of 20 parts of pure gold and 4 parts of other metals. In other words, it is composed of 83.3% gold and 16.7% alloy.

 

This type of gold can be found in some vintage jewellery shops around Europe and the US. 20k gold is preferable for plain gold jewellery as it is quite soft for heavily studded jewellery pieces. However, 20k gold is quite popular in India, as purity standards vary from country to country.

 

19K GOLD

19k gold consists of 19 parts of pure gold and 5 parts of other metals, or 79.1% pure gold and 20.9% alloy.

 

This type of gold has deep, rich yellow colour; however, it is not suitable for every lifestyle. 19k gold is harder than pure gold, but it is softer than 14k, or even 18k gold, meaning it will scratch much easier. So if you have an active lifestyle, perhaps 19k gold is not the best choice for engagement and wedding rings, and it makes sense to opt for lower gold purity.

 

18K GOLD

18k gold contains 18 parts of pure gold and 6 parts of other metals added. It is 75% pure gold mixed with 25% of other metals like copper and silver, which make this type of gold less expensive than 24k, 23k, 22k, 21k, 20k and 19k gold.

 

Nowadays, diamond and other gemstone jewellery is usually made in 18k gold. It is worth mentioning that 18k has a slightly duller gold colour compared to higher levels of purity; however, it still shows a bright colouring. 18k is the best choice for those looking for the most amount of gold and a high level of durability.

 

17K GOLD

17k gold contains 17 parts of pure gold and 7 parts of other metals, or 70.8% gold and 29.2% alloy. It can be found in antique and vintage jewellery pieces, such as cocktail rings, chains and watches. This type of gold is hard and durable, meaning jewellery made of 17k gold is suitable for an active lifestyle.

 

16K GOLD

16k gold consists of 16 parts of pure gold and 8 parts of alloys, or 66.6% pure gold and 33.4% other metals mixed. It is a durable option for everyday jewellery; however, 16k is not always easy to find in regular jewellery stores. This type of gold was often used for antique and vintage jewellery.

 

15K GOLD

15k gold contains 15 parts of pure gold and 9 parts of other metals or alloys. It is 62.5% pure gold mixed with 37.5% other metals.

 

This type of gold was common during the Victorian era (1837 – 1901). In modern times 15k gold is hardly ever used for jewellery. Instead, 14k or 18k gold is the standard alternative for this level of purity. However, 15k gold jewellery can be found in antique jewellery shops around the world.

 

14K GOLD

14k gold contains 58.3% pure gold and 41.7% other metals, or 14 parts of pure gold and 10 parts of other metals. 14k gold is quite durable and will not scratch as easily as other gold types with a higher purity level. 14k is also the most popular gold type for rings and other wearable jewellery in the United States and the United Kingdom.

 

14k gold has a beautiful rich gold colour which is slightly less saturated and intense than 18k gold. It is the best choice for those looking for the perfect balance between durability, price and look. The only disadvantage of 14k gold is its potential to trigger skin irritation if you are sensitive to copper, silver, nickel, zinc, iron, etc.

 

 

13K GOLD

13k gold contains 54.1% pure gold and 45.9% other alloys, or 13 parts of gold and 11 parts of other metals.

 

This type of gold is a very durable option for everyday jewellery; however, like 15k and 14k gold, it is not easy to find in regular jewellery stores. 13k gold was also often used for antique and vintage jewellery.

 

12K GOLD

12k gold contains 50% pure gold and 50% other metals. The high content of other alloys makes 12k gold very durable and suitable for everyday wear. This type of gold is not widely available for wedding and engagement rings because of its hardness, but it is commonly used in plain gold necklaces and chains. Be aware that jewellery pieces made in 12k gold can cause allergies as well.

 

11K GOLD

11k gold consists of 45.8% of pure gold and 54.2% of alloys. Similar to 12k gold, this variety is very durable due to the high content of other alloys. This type of gold is an affordable option for those looking to save some money. It is available for everyday jewellery in some countries.

 

10K GOLD

The first thing you should know about 10k gold is that it contains more alloy (14 parts) than pure gold (10 parts). It consists of 41.7% pure gold and 58.3% other metals.

 

10k gold is the most durable option among others, and it makes the best choice for people looking for the lowest price. Anything with a lower percentage of pure gold cannot be marketed and sold as gold in the United States, so most top vendors do not even offer 10k gold, as it is hard and not suitable for diamond and other gemstone jewellery production.

 

9K GOLD

9k gold consists of 9 parts of pure gold and 15 parts of other metals, or 37.5% pure gold and 62.5% other metals. Depending on the country it is sold in, 9k gold is not always considered gold. For example, in the US, 9k gold cannot be marketed as gold, but in the UK, France and Portugal, it is the lowest permitted gold purity.

 

Since 9k gold contains less pure gold than other metals, it is quite cheap per gram. This type of gold is very durable, meaning it is hard to scratch. However, depending on the alloys used in 9k gold, sometimes it is softer than 18k gold.

 

8K GOLD

8k gold consists of 8 parts of pure gold and 16 parts of alloys, or 33.3% pure gold and 66.7% alloys. This type of gold is not considered gold in the US due to its composition, but in Greece and Denmark, 8k gold is still legally marketed and sold as gold.

 

It is an even cheaper option than 9k gold offering more hardness and durability. However, it also may cause skin irritation if you are allergic to zinc, nickel, copper etc.